{"id":9410,"date":"2026-04-23T14:16:23","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T14:16:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ial10.units.it\/?page_id=9410"},"modified":"2026-04-23T15:45:42","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T15:45:42","slug":"keynote-speakers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ial10.units.it\/?page_id=9410","title":{"rendered":"Keynote Speakers"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9410\" class=\"elementor elementor-9410\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section-with-custom-width elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f3c64ce elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"f3c64ce\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afbf0f6 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"afbf0f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45bd39b sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"45bd39b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ee1e63 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"5ee1e63\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a0ab66 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"4a0ab66\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0944f8 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f0944f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Monday 27 July 2026<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67b5880 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"67b5880\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f89f26 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f89f26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nina Gunde-Cimermann<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac649fb sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ac649fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf1cebf sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf1cebf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">University of Ljubljana, Department of Biology, Slovenia<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ae6a4f sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5ae6a4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5aca21 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5aca21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nina Gunde-Cimerman is Professor of Microbiology at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and leads the research group for Biology of Microorganisms. She is a pioneer in the study of extremophilic fungi and discovered halophilic fungi in Adriatic salterns, the first documented report of such organisms in these environments. Her group has also reported fungi from Arctic subglacial habitats and the Greenland Ice Sheet. Her research focuses on fungi adapted to low water activity and chaotropic stress. She leads the Ex Culture Collection, the world\u2019s largest collection of extremophilic fungi (&gt;19,000 strains), integrating biodiversity research, genomics, and biotechnology applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-934b153 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"934b153\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7ea4e8 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"a7ea4e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\nvar delay = 100; setTimeout(function() {\n$('.elementor-tab-title').removeClass('elementor-active'); $('.elementor-tab-content').css('display', 'none'); }, delay);\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca6c7b6 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"ca6c7b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2121\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-angle-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Abstract<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2121\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2121\"><p><strong>Lichenoid Partnerships at the Limits of Life: From Extreme Environments to Engineered Consortia<\/strong><\/p><p>Lichens represent one of the most successful symbiotic strategies in terrestrial ecosystems, enabling life in some of the most extreme environments on Earth. However, growing evidence suggests that lichenoid-like partnerships between fungi and phototrophs may extend beyond classical lichen symbioses and occur across a wider range of extreme microbial ecosystems. In this lecture, I will explore fungal\u2013phototroph interactions in several extreme environments, highlighting how such associations may represent flexible or transitional symbiotic strategies.<\/p><p>Studies of microbial communities on the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet have revealed unexpectedly diverse fungal assemblages associated with heavily pigmented glacier ice algae, including <em>Ancylonema nordenskioldii<\/em> and <em>A. alaskanum<\/em>, which play a key role in biological darkening and enhanced surface melting of glacial ice. Amplicon sequencing recovered nearly 700 fungal taxa, while cultivation approaches yielded more than 200 isolates representing 46 species, including several new to science. Experimental co-cultivation of two newly isolated fungal species with glacier ice algal communities revealed the formation of lichenoid-like assemblages in which fungal partners supported algal persistence and growth. As algal mortality increased, zoosporic fungi (Chytridiomycota) became more abundant, suggesting an additional ecological role as parasites or decomposers within these cryospheric microbial systems.<\/p><p>These observations are considered alongside studies of fungi inhabiting other cold and hypersaline environments, including Arctic subglacial systems and hypersaline high-altitude lakes of the Bolivian Altiplano. Across these habitats, polyextremophilic fungi display remarkable physiological versatility and frequently occur alongside phototrophic microorganisms. Building on these extreme natural systems, recent work explores the use of selected extremotolerant fungi as structural scaffolds that facilitate the integration of photobionts and bacteria into stable microbial consortia under nutrient-limited conditions. Such engineered assemblages form lichenoid-like structures and represent a promising foundation for the development of robust engineered living materials, with potential applications in the protection and maintenance of architectural surfaces.<\/p><p>Taken together, these observations suggest that the ecological and evolutionary spectrum of fungal\u2013phototroph partnerships may be broader than traditionally envisioned. Rather than representing a single symbiotic strategy, lichens may be viewed as part of a broader continuum of fungal\u2013phototroph associations that enable life to persist and function at the limits of environmental tolerance.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a540475 sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a540475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dc7250 sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile elementor-widget-divider--view-line sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6dc7250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f71c74 sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5f71c74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-364696e sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"364696e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-920f03b elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"920f03b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/ial10.units.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/GundeCimerman.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9434\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a80b64 sc_layouts_hide_on_wide sc_layouts_hide_on_desktop sc_layouts_hide_on_notebook sc_layouts_hide_on_tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"1a80b64\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a22c8a sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"3a22c8a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-385947a sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"385947a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7d0df2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d7d0df2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce19d22 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ce19d22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-64e2eac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"64e2eac\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ba0f0b sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"9ba0f0b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0b760f sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e0b760f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tuesday 28 July 2026<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84dcc39 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"84dcc39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a0252f sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a0252f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pavel \u0160kaloud<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2238396 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2238396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a604a sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24a604a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Czech Republic<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6acf48a sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6acf48a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b968ad1 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b968ad1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pavel \u0160kaloud is a Czech biologist at Charles university in Prague whose research focuses on the diversity, evolution, and ecology of algae and symbiotic associations in lichens. He combines microscopy, molecular methods, and bioinformatics to understand how algal lineages adapt, diversify, and associate with their hosts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5493f20 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5493f20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1b63c6 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d1b63c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\nvar delay = 100; setTimeout(function() {\n$('.elementor-tab-title').removeClass('elementor-active'); $('.elementor-tab-content').css('display', 'none'); }, delay);\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21298b4 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"21298b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-angle-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Abstract<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3471\"><p><strong>Two worlds, one symbiosis: Ecological and evolutionary parallels in lichens and corals<\/strong><\/p><p>Symbiotic interactions drive major evolutionary transitions and have shaped some of the most transformative events in Earth\u2019s history. Phototrophic symbioses are among the most influential and persistent of these partnerships. Within this group, lichens and corals stand out as widespread, structurally integrated, and globally important associations, despite their independent origins and contrasting environments.<\/p><p>Both systems show notable convergence: they depend on highly specialized algal partners with narrow ecological niches, display a persistent mismatch between free\u2011living and endosymbiotic communities, and combine vertical and horizontal transmission that shapes partner availability and specificity. Individual hosts often contain multiple symbiont lineages, forming dynamic consortia rather than simple one\u2011to\u2011one associations. Molecular advances have also revealed unexpectedly high symbiont diversity in both lichens and corals, reshaping our understanding of their ecological flexibility and evolutionary potential.<\/p><p>Using extensive European surveys of green\u2011algal lichens, environmental sampling, and reciprocal transplant experiments, we show that free\u2011living algal availability rarely predicts symbiont identity &#8211; paralleling patterns in coral reefs. Transplant experiments further demonstrate that lichens can adjust their symbiotic composition, highlighting the dynamic, habitat\u2011adapted nature of phototrophic symbioses and suggesting a mechanism that may help lichen communities persist under climate change, similar to coral transplantation efforts aimed at enhancing thermal resilience.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d63f37 sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8d63f37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f696f6a sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile elementor-widget-divider--view-line sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f696f6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df00bb2 sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"df00bb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d46a8 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"23d46a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a91bd72 elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a91bd72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/ial10.units.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Skaloud.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9432\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2539137 sc_layouts_hide_on_wide sc_layouts_hide_on_desktop sc_layouts_hide_on_notebook sc_layouts_hide_on_tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"2539137\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-babce50 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"babce50\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94a037f sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"94a037f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccbd5de elementor-widget-divider--view-line sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ccbd5de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a74b64 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2a74b64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c4df69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"0c4df69\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64202c0 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"64202c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce307bf sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce307bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wednesday 29 July 2026<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ef845f sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4ef845f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0782964 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0782964\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Theo Llewellyn<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9e345b sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d9e345b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed8bf3a sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ed8bf3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leverhulme Centre for the Holobiont, Imperial College London, UK<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33042e3 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"33042e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fef41cd sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fef41cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Theo\u2019s research combines of omics methods, phylogenetics and ecology to understand the evolution of fungal symbiosis. In their current position at the Leverhulme Centre for the Holobiont, they are working to develop new systems to explore holobiont evolution and diversification. Before this, Theo completed a PhD at Imperial College and the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, where they studied how lichen-forming fungi adapt to survive in extreme ecosystems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a225fc4 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a225fc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be7e6d3 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"be7e6d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\nvar delay = 100; setTimeout(function() {\n$('.elementor-tab-title').removeClass('elementor-active'); $('.elementor-tab-content').css('display', 'none'); }, delay);\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b02b86 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"6b02b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1121\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-angle-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Abstract<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1121\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1121\"><p><strong>The evolution of anthraquinones as adaptive traits in lichens<\/strong><\/p><p>Lichens produce a remarkable diversity of chemical compounds to interact with their environment, with functions including UV protection, anti-herbivory, antimicrobial activity, and metal homeostasis. Despite this chemical diversity, the genetic basis and evolutionary processes underpinning most lichen secondary metabolites have not been investigated. In this talk, I will focus on photoprotective anthraquinone pigments in the diverse Teloschistales order (Ascomycota) as a case study to explore how adaptive metabolic traits arise and then diversify in lichen-forming fungi. Previous comparative genomics work identified putative anthraquinone biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in Teloschistales genomes and demonstrated that BGC diversification occurred via re-shuffling existing enzyme genes with novel accessory genes. To understand anthraquinone evolution across the whole clade, we expanded our metagenomic approach to sequence all major Teloschistales lineages and combined this genomic dataset with densely sampled multilocus data to produce a robust genome-scale time tree. Phylogenomic analysis showed around half of current Teloschistaceae genera are not supported, and we propose a taxonomic roadmap for evolutionarily relevant higher taxa. To understand how genomic variation affects the metabolite phenotype, we jointly analysed these genomes with new untargeted metabolome data. This reveals a complex interplay between genomic and metabolic variation and suggests that, for anthraquinones, BGC variation affects compound regulation and transport more than structural diversity. Finally, as anthraquinones are broadly cytotoxic, we hypothesised that anthraquinone-producing Teloschistaceae lichens evolved resistance mechanisms to avoid self-toxicity. Combining enzyme assays, axenic culture experiments, selection analysis and in silico protein modelling, we found that Teloschistaceae lichens achieved self-resistance through multiple adaptations that work in tandem. Together, these results demonstrate the power of multi-omic approaches to investigate the evolutionary processes that shape metabolite diversification in lichens.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0796c5b sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0796c5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4d50a sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile elementor-widget-divider--view-line sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a4d50a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461fbbd sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"461fbbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c499af9 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"c499af9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7768941 elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7768941\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/ial10.units.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Llewellyn.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9436\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-027ba04 sc_layouts_hide_on_wide sc_layouts_hide_on_desktop sc_layouts_hide_on_notebook sc_layouts_hide_on_tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"027ba04\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-430873d sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"430873d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b5e818 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0b5e818\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e21a37c elementor-widget-divider--view-line sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e21a37c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e11dffe sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e11dffe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a03e52 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"0a03e52\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d32a947 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"d32a947\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dabebcf sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dabebcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thursday 30 July 2026<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5552052 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5552052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff1818f sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff1818f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Daniel Stanton<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-826f505 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"826f505\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9ebab7 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b9ebab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior, USA<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bca812 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9bca812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd94a99 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd94a99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Daniel Stanton is an Associate Professor at the University of Minnesota, USA. He has degrees in Botany and Biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a PhD in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from Princeton University, as well as postdoctoral research at the Australian National University.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-524418c sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"524418c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dffbe sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"36dffbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\nvar delay = 100; setTimeout(function() {\n$('.elementor-tab-title').removeClass('elementor-active'); $('.elementor-tab-content').css('display', 'none'); }, delay);\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec3e722 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"ec3e722\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-angle-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Abstract<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2471\"><p><strong>Lichen ecophysiology in a changing world: insights from ecosystem ecology<\/strong><\/p><p>There has been growing interest and understanding of lichen responses to changing climates, aided by technical advances in physiological techniques and ecological data. At the same time, our view of the lichen thallus is becoming increasingly complex and nuanced. Photobiont communities are increasingly understood to be diverse, even within a single thallus. That the complex structures of lichen thalli harbor additional organisms beyond the canonical 2 (or 3), and even micro\/mesofauna, has been long understood, however those additional components have gained additional importance with recent studies suggesting functional roles for some commonly occurring taxa.<\/p><p>In this talk I will focus on recent advances in how this nuanced perception of lichens impacts our understanding of lichen responses to climate. These include asymmetric and asynchronous responses to environmental changes across bionts at different timescales. Notably, fungal and algal primary symbionts activate separately depending on the water sources, with consequences for carbon balance\u00a0 that can affect survival. On longer timescales, the identities of the component organisms are dynamic and physiologically consequential. There have been recent efforts to emphasize the \u201cecosystem\u201d nature of lichens; the conceptual frameworks and theory developed over a century by ecosystem ecologist offer novel hypotheses and research directions for lichenology.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ec28fa sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0ec28fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65a2c77 sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile elementor-widget-divider--view-line sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"65a2c77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec380cd sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ec380cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a0d390 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"0a0d390\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88cce94 elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"88cce94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/ial10.units.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Stanton.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9435\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c25cabf sc_layouts_hide_on_wide sc_layouts_hide_on_desktop sc_layouts_hide_on_notebook sc_layouts_hide_on_tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"c25cabf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7214c91 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"7214c91\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92a3ce4 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"92a3ce4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e347358 elementor-widget-divider--view-line sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e347358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ab8b97 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9ab8b97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-82e6191 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"82e6191\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e71d549 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"e71d549\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6676b03 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6676b03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Friday 21 July 2026<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d28aa4 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6d28aa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-953e561 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"953e561\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gulnara Tagirdzhanova <\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6917c17 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6917c17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3e3b7c sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3e3b7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, UK <br>Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Sweden<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad421dc sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ad421dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e646bc9 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e646bc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gulnara Tagirdzhanova is an Assistant Professor at Stockholm University (Sweden). Prior to that, she was a postdoc at Stockholm University and in The Sainsbury Laboratory (UK). Gulnara received her PhD in 2022 from the University of Alberta (Canada). Her research focuses on the interaction between lichen symbionts and on diversity of lichen-associate organisms.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-659ba83 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"659ba83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5e11f2 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f5e11f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\nvar delay = 100; setTimeout(function() {\n$('.elementor-tab-title').removeClass('elementor-active'); $('.elementor-tab-content').css('display', 'none'); }, delay);\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7478c64 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"7478c64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1221\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1221\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-angle-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Abstract<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1221\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1221\"><p><strong>Proteins secreted by the mycobiont of <em>Xanthoria parietina<\/em> and their role in the lichen symbiosis<\/strong><\/p><p>Gulnara Tagirdzhanova<sup>1,2*<\/sup>, Jasper Raistrick<sup>2<\/sup>, Benjamin Adjei<sup>2<\/sup>, Camille Puginier<sup>2<\/sup>, Nicholas J. Talbot<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><p><sup>1 <\/sup>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.<\/p><p><sup>2 <\/sup>Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden.<\/p><p>Lichens present a unique case of complex and stable architectures emerging from interactions between multiple symbionts. The concerted growth of symbionts within a lichen body implies some form of coordination, yet the molecular mechanisms behind the lichen symbiont interactions remain largely unknown, in part owing to multiple challenges lichens pose as a study organism. Secreted proteins known as effectors are often used by non-lichen fungi to mediate interactions with their symbionts and hosts. Here, we aimed to characterize secreted proteins of the <em>Xanthoria parietina<\/em> mycobiont and investigate the role they play in the symbiosis. We identified genes encoding secreted proteins in the mycobiont genome, predicted their secondary structures using AlphaFold, clustered them, and compared them to previously characterized protein structures available in public databases. In this way, we have identified groups of proteins similar to known effectors from phytopathogenic fungi. We explored potential functions of the candidate lichen effectors using a range of bioinformatic and experimental approaches and provide evidence that they may target the chloroplasts of the photobiont partner.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75f6c9c sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"75f6c9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c49ed9 sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile elementor-widget-divider--view-line sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0c49ed9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7a1084 sc_layouts_hide_on_mobile sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b7a1084\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-102a615 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"102a615\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67d67b9 elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"67d67b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/ial10.units.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Tagirdzhanova.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9433\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-edcb3d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"edcb3d6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a6a6b8 sc_content_align_inherit sc_layouts_column_icons_position_left sc_fly_static\" data-id=\"4a6a6b8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d1af1 sc_fly_static elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"23d1af1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Monday 27 July 2026 Nina Gunde-Cimermann University of Ljubljana, Department of Biology, Slovenia Nina Gunde-Cimerman is Professor of Microbiology at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and leads the research group&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9410","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - 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